The working principle of fiber laser source

The optical fiber is a glass solid fiber drawn from SiO2 as the matrix material. The principle of light guiding is to use the principle of total reflection of light, that is, when the light is incident from an optically dense medium with a large refractive index to a light with a small refractive index at an angle greater than the critical angle. When the medium is sparse, total reflection will occur, all incident light will be reflected to the optically dense medium with a large refractive index, and no light will be transmitted through the optically sparser medium with a small refractive index.

Ordinary bare fibers generally consist of a central high-refractive-index glass core, a middle low-refractive-index silica glass cladding, and an outermost reinforced resin coating.

Optical fibers can be divided into single-mode fibers and multi-mode fibers according to the mode of propagation of light waves. The core diameter of a single-mode fiber is small, only one mode of light can be transmitted, and its intermodal dispersion is small. The core diameter of the multimode fiber is relatively thick, and it can transmit light of various modes, but its intermodal dispersion is relatively large. According to the situation of refractive index distribution, it can be divided into step index (SI) fiber and graded index (GI) fiber.

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